Women Rights Are Human Rights - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2638 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Women Rights Essay Did you like this example? Throughout the entire world women have been denied basic human rights for a multitude of reasons. A majority of these reasons were along the lines of women being inferior to men and incapable of completing tasks, which were believed to be only for men. Traditionally, women were meant to be the ones who stayed at home, which was respectable at the time. They were expected to clean the house, take care of the children, and have dinner ready by the time their husbands arrived home from work. As women slowly began to venture out from their homes, they realized that they were being neglected from all the rights that men have and they did not. They realized they were being robbed of the right to vote, the right to a job, the right to obtain a social status and many more of the freedoms that men had at the time. Women relied heavily on their husbands income to live, they relied on them for basically everything, money, food, clothing and transportation. Once women fully understood the losses they were facing from their lack of rights they decided to begin to fight for their rights. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Women Rights Are Human Rights" essay for you Create order Women have been treated as domestic beings and typically did what they were told to do. During the 1800s some women were given a working opportunity during the Civil War. However, this job was fully voluntary and not paid; women did it anyway because it was a change of location from their home. However, the job description was not much different from the one they were used to doing in their homes. During this time, women would carry the men who were injured off of the battlefield, cook for the soldiers, care for them, and do their laundry. Sound familiar? Although the tasks they were doing were not much different then the ones they were doing at home, the feeling they got from the change of environment and actually contributing to society was fulfillment in itself. Soon after women began to really fight for the rights that they deserved. In May of 1869 Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton formed the National Womans Suffrage Association. Their goal was to gain women the right to vote by means of a congressional amendment to the constitution (Ann-Marie Imbornon). This was a huge step in history because prior to this there hadnt been many serious efforts to change anything about the way women were treated. A few months later in November of 1869 Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell proceeded to form the American Womans Suffrage Association. This organization had a similar objective however, they mainly focused on gaining women the right to vote on a state level rather than national one (Ann-Marie Imbornon). Wyoming was the first of the 50 states to pass a womens suffrage law. They gave women their right to vote in December of 1869 and soon after women were serving on juries that were in Wyoming. This was a massive time in U.S history and it was a step in the right direction however women were still a long ways from being free. During the year of 1890 both organizations came to the the realization that they would work better and stronger if they worked as one. They called themselves the National American Womans Suffrage Association better known as NAWSA and worked to pursue state by state campaigns to further the advancement in womens voting rights. Slowly but surely they were able to grant women the right to vote in 16 different states some of which were New York, California, Washington and more by the year of 1918 (Ann-Marie Imbornon). As you can tell the progress for womens suffrage rights was a very long a tedious fight however, the women were consistent and persevered through all the difficulties and were inevitably given what they were fighting for. The fight took over 40 years however on August 26th of 1920 the 19th amendment was passed giving women in the United States the right to vote anywhere. From 1869 to 1920 other advancements were made in womens rights such as the first birth control clinic being opened in Brooklyn, New York. This clinic allowed for women to get proper care and safe abortions. The National Womens Trade Union League also known as the WTUL was established in order to advocate for improved working wages for women along with safer working conditions and better job opportunities (Bonnie Eisenberg and Mary Ruthsdotter). These progresses may seem small to where we are at now but they were major changes for the time being and were truly huge advances for the women who were fighting for so long . These rights gave women the confidence and helped them to gain the respect they had deserved in the first place. With simply gaining these rights that seem so simple to us today women were now able to do things that we take for granted. Women had no property rights and were therefore forced to be respectful to their husbands and the men in their life otherwise they could end up homeless (Bonnie Eisenberg and Mary Ruthsdotter). Although they were not allowed to own property, they were required to pay property taxes. Women were also not allowed to initiate a divorce and were forced to stay in a relationship regardless of the circumstances because their husband had to be the one to want to separate, and that rarely happened. In the case that it did occur and the couple had children, women were not likely to gain custody of the child. They were not allowed to attend a college or a University because the schools did not accept female students. These laws were all passed and voted for by m en and when women gained their right to vote they were able to change all the ways in which they were previously wronged by men (Bonnie Eisenberg and Mary Ruthsdotter). Over the years women have gained the respect of industries and are beginning to make huge contributions to the workforce. Women are being elected at the public office level and hold 11% of the seats in Congress and 21% of the seats on the state level (Bonnie Eisenberg and Mary Ruthsdotter). Although those number may still seem small these women have made tremendous progress in changing local, state, and federal laws that have limited the social status and legal roles of women in the United States (Bonnie Eisenberg and Mary Ruthsdotter). Women in the United States have entered the professions, businesses and trades of every kind since the 1920s and have exceeded at doing so. A female doctor or nurse was never heard of prior to the 1920s and they have now become female dominated professions. Although it may seem as though we have made our mark and become equal in the workforce there is still a very long way to go because in the United States women still face harassment by men who feel as though they are more powerful in the workforce. As women we still endure unfair payment compared to men when we are doing the same jobs as them and sometimes doing it better then they are. The Womens Rights Movement has come a very long way in the United States and have been successful in changing the circumstances and hopes for women. However, there is still a lot of fighting to do before women are considered equal to men and these injustices are being daily. Although the United States has made progress with the help of female lead organizations other countries have made little to no progress. Women in countries such as Iran, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Nigeria, and the Arab Republic of Egypt are still facing ridiculously unfair treatment. These countries have not progressed in helping women and if anything have taken steps backwards. These women face restrictions that women in the United States cannot even imagine facing. They live under constant fear of men and are too afraid to stand up and try to make a difference. Women from the United States have attempted to help women in these countries but have had little to no success in doing so. Women that live in these countries are so far from being considered equal to men that they can not even imagine what it is like to be treated the way women are treated in the United States. Women in Iran are not allowed to travel outside of the country without getting permission from their husband or father first and in a lot of cases they are not even allowed to travel outside the country alone. In September the captain of Irans female football (soccer) team, Niloufar Ardalan, couldnt play in an international tournament in Malaysia because her husband forbade her from traveling (Human Watch). Women are not allowed to go to stadiums in Iran to watch mens volleyball or soccer games and this law will go as far as arresting them if they even attempt to enter the stadium at the time of a mens game. Simply allowing women to watch the games would be a tremendous step towards women in Iran gaining the freedom they deserve. In Iran women are also forced to wear a hijab or a head scarf regardless if whether or not they follow the muslim religion. If they are caught out in public without a head scarf they can be arrested or even killed by male law enforcement. These women face gr ueling conditions of life and cannot make the changes that they deserve out of fear of retaliation. Given that the government of Iran is made up of male leaders even if they tried to make progress they would most likely not succeed and their living conditions may become even worse then they are now. The idea of freedom for women in those countries is so unheard of and not realistic because of how their lives have been lived for so long. Saudi Arabia enforces some of the most restricting laws against women in todays world. Women in Saudi Arabia have never been allowed to drive a vehicle and women who have attempt to defy this law have been shot and arrested (CNN). Hundreds of women have been protesting against this law by driving vehicles however by doing this they are risking their arrest and the possibility of death. Driving is an essential part of everyday life and most people cannot even imagine their lives without being able to get anywhere when they needed to. However, the idea of traveling as whole for women is a foreign concept in Saudi Arabia because women are not allowed to obtain a legal form of identification or a passport without permission from a legal male guardian or their husbands. In fact, women there are not allowed to mix freely with people of the opposite sex who are not their husbands or family members (CNN). When going out to public restaurants women are required to utilize a separate entrance then men and can only eat at restaurants that offer a designated family dining area meaning that it is a seperate room for women with husbands. When it comes to the loss of a family member, women in Saudi Arabia are only entitled to receive half of the inheritance that their brother received because one male vote is equivalent to the vote of two men. These laws have been in place for a very long time and do not appear to be changing anytime soon because women are afraid to protest against due to violent hate crimes that could possibly be done against them. Similar to the difficulties women faced in the United States almost 200 years ago, women in Israel are unable to file for a divorce without permission from their husbands. In the case of domestic violence, there is nothing a women can do to get out of the relationship and often must endure the torture of their abuser for the entirety of their life. However, unlike the previous countries talked about, Israeli women have made tremendous progress and have put up a huge fight in standing up for the rights they deserve. Women in Israel dyed their shoes bright red in fight against violence towards women and laid them out throughout the streets of Israel. The shoes represented the 24 women that have been reportedly killed this year due to domestic violence that was reported. Media outlets reported that people chanted for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to wake up, our blood is not cheap. (Sasha Ingber). The women wanted to make sure that their message was heard by the government and needed to make sure they knew that Israeli women were not going to stay silent anymore (Sasha Ingber). Activists also carried signs with the names of the women that were killed by male figures in their life painted in red to represent their blood. Women are finally acknowledging that the only way they are going to get the rights they deserve is to fight for them, and that is exactly what they are beginning to do. By working together these women are empowering each other in such dangerous times and making a difference for the generations of young women to come. They are finally realizing their worth and will not stop until they are treated as such. According to section 55 of Nigerias Penal Code men are allowed to hit women in order to correct them for their wrong doings or if it is felt necessary (Human Rights Watch). Since there is no real way of justifying the ideas or right or wrong there is no way to truly punish a man for hitting a women. Ones ideas of right and wrong can differ according to taught values and personal morals and therefore there is no true way of imprisoning a man for abusing a women. In Nigeria over 81% of women are unable to receive an education which hinders their right to pursue a profession and inevitably live the life they want to live. Due to this standard women are often forced to stay at home and care for their children along with doing tedious housework. As humans we have the right to a fair education however due to standards all around the world millions of women go their entire life without even learning how to read. The ratio of Nigerian females attending some type of school to Nigerian males i s roughly one female to every 4 males and not much is being done to change that. As a world so focused on the idea of equal rights there are still millions of women who face unequal treatment on a daily basis. These women are often in situations in which they are unable to even make a dent in fixing these situations. Although the United States has come a very long way in treating women as humans, hundreds of countries around the world to this day still do not treat women as humans but instead as belongings of men. If human rights are considered a universal thing then why are millions of women all around the world being killed in attempt to receive them? As women we need to ensure that we make progress and fight harder each day to receive the rights that we are entitled to. If the one step these nations make is simply allowing women the right to receiving a legal form of identification then they are already one step closer to inevitably making women more equal to men now. Women rights are human rights and the sooner all women begin to realize this the sooner they will obtain access to fair treatment, education, jobs and even traveling. This world is unfair however, that is not a reason for women to be silenced because they deserve to be heard and they deserve every right and every opportunity that men have for simply being men.

An Investigation To See If There Is A D Essay - 1490 Words

An Investigation To See If There Is A Difference between Type A and personalities (as classified by Friedman and Roseman’s 1974 Questionnaire And Their Physiological Response To A Mildly Stressful Activity CONTENTS Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ page 1 Aim †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.page 1 Hypotheses †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 1 Method †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 1 Participants †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 2 Materials †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦........page 2 Procedure †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.page 2 Results †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 3 Discussion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.page 4 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 5 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 6 Appendices†¦show more content†¦Then I went away to put them into their type A or B. then I had one person at a time doing the same dot-to-dot (appendix c) as I the investigator took their pulse before they start then the second time as they are looking for the missing number and third time after they had finished the dot-to-dot then record the results the pulse was counted by the minute hand for one minute ach time this was repeated twenty times throughout the day same environment. Once the experiment had finished I put up a on the notice board a thank you for your participation and if you would like to know the results or any questions about Type A or Type B come and see me. RESULTS Answers to the Questionnaire that decides type A or Type B Participants Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q 10 Q 11 Q 12 Q 13 A or B 1 FEMALE 3 -2 3 5 -4 2 -3 1 -4 2 3 1 4 A 2 FEMALE -3 4 -2 -1 3 -5 -3 2 -1 -3 -4 1 3 B 3 MALE -1 -4 -2 4 3 5 2 1 3 -4 3 -4 5 A 4 FEMALE -1 -4 -3 5 2 -3 -1 2 -1 -2 2 -1 4 B 5 FEMALE -2 4 -3 3 4 5 -3 -4 -5 3 2 4 3 A 6 MALE 2 -4 -1 1 -3 -5 2 -3 -2 -1 -3 -2 -4 B 7 FEMALE 3 1 5 -4 -3 2 3 4 -3 -2 5 3 -1 A 8 MALE -1 -3 2 4 -1 -3 -2 -4 4 -1 -2 1 3 B 9 FEMALE 2 1 -1 -4 3 -5 4 3 2 1 -3 2 4 A 10 FEMALE 3 1 4 -1 2 1 -3 -2 4 5 -3 1 4 A 11 MALE -2 -3 1 -3 -4 -2 -1 2 5 -3 -1 -2 -4 B 12 MALE -2 -4 3 2 -1 -4 -2 -3 1 3 -2 -1 2 B 13 MALE 5 3 -4 2 3 2 1 -4 -1 5 4 1 4 A 14 MALE 4 2 -3 -4 4 1 3 2 -3 4 5 3 -2 A 15 MALE -4 3 -2 -4 2 -1 2 4 -3 -1 -4 1 -3 B 16 FEMALE 1 3 -2Show MoreRelatedExam for Chapter 1 Essay1217 Words   |  5 Pages| | | Selected Answer: | D. 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MRI Radiation †Dangers Benefits Free Essays

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new technology for making images of the brain and other parts of the body. The technique depends on detection of a phenomenon called nuclear magnetic resonance, and also sometimes called NMR scanning. The discovery and development of MRI imaging is one of the most spectacular and successful events in the history of medical imaging. We will write a custom essay sample on MRI Radiation – Dangers Benefits or any similar topic only for you Order Now The nuclei of some atoms in the body are composed of numbers of nuclear particles. Such nuclei can be detected by sending weak energy signals through very strong magnetic fields. The MRI machine consists of a set of powerful magnets and a source of energy in the same general range used for broadcasting radio. The radio signal is affected in predictable ways by the number of odd-numbered nuclei in its path (Oldendorf; Boller, Grafman and Robertson). The MRI Procedure The MRI contains the massive main magnet, which is always on. The unit structure is approximately six or seven feet high and equally wide. As a patient, you will lie on your back on a special table that slides into the magnet through a two-foot-wide tunnel in the middle of the machine. Whether you go in head or feet first depends on the tissue being imaged. Be prepares for a loud knocking noise; this is not a silent machine. The loud knocking noise is caused by the gradients (small magnets) expanding against the supporting brackets. The MRI scanner will able to pick out voxels (three-dimensional cubes) maybe only one millimeter on each side. It will make a two-dimensional or three-dimensional map of tissue type. The computer will integrate this information and create two dimensional images (the usual) or three-dimensional models. The whole procedure takes from 30-60 minutes (Moe). Advantages and Disadvantages Due to the nature of the magnetic probe used in MRI, this technique possesses several fundamental advantages: 1) tissue can be characterized in a number of ways, 2) any plane can be imaged 3) bone is invisible, so all anatomic regions can be examined, and harper images are produced 4) no contrast medium is required and 5) there is no ionizing radiation, which makes it safe for children and for repeated scanning of the same person 6) the level of detailed exceeds the detail of other imaging techniques. At the present time, there are also several disadvantages 1) he complexity and high cost 2) the long scan time, 3) the noise isolation experienced by patient during scan and 4) the exclusion of substantial fraction of patients dues to pacemakers, metallic artifacts, and inability to cooperate. Furthermore, magnetic strength can be a dangerous thing. Stories abound the magnet’s power to pull metal objects (such as paper clips, keys, scissors, stethoscopes, IV poles, and even oxygen tanks) toward the patient and into the machine. Even worse, accidents have occurred with metal inside a patient. After an MRI, a metal worker went blind because the magnet moved microscopic metal particles in his eyes, damaging their surrounding structures. A survivor of and aneurysm died during an MRI because the magnet tore off the metal clips holding together a blood vessel in her brain, causing her to bleed to death. The patient must stay absolutely motionless during the procedure. (Minor motion does not have as much impact on a CT scan.) Therefore, a sedative is often necessary for a child having an MRI scan. The first three of these are under active development, and improvement can be expected. However, gradient coil noise, pacemakers and metallic artifacts are more fundamental problems for which solutions are not yet apparent (Stergiopoulos). MRI in association with CT Magnetic resonance imaging is another method for displaying anatomy in the axial, sagittal, and coronal planes. The slice thickness of the images vary between 1 and 10 mm. MRI is especially good for coronal and sagittal imaging, whereas axial imaging is the forte of CT. One of the main strengths of MRI is its ability to detect small changes (contrast) within soft tissues, and MRI soft tissue contrast is better than that found in CT images and radiographs. CT and MR imaging modalities are digital-cased technologies that require computers to convert digital information to shades of black, white and gray. The major difference in the two technologies is that in MRI the patient is exposed o external magnetic fields and radio frequency waves, whereas the patient is exposed to x-rays during a CT study. The magnetic fields used in MRI are believed to be harmless. MR scanning can be a problem for people who are prone to develop claustrophobia because they are surrounded by a tunnel-like structure for approximately 30-45 minutes. The external appearance of an MRI scanner or machine is similar to a CT scanner with the exception that the opening is the MR gantry is more tunnel-like. As in CT, the patient is comfortably positioned supine, prone, or decubitus on a couch. The couch moves only when examining the extremities. The patient hears and feels a jackhammer-like thumping while the study is in progress. The underlying physics of MRI is complicated and strange-sounding terms proliferate. Let’s keep it simple: MRI is essentially the imaging of protons. The most commonly imaged proton is hydrogen, as it is abundant in the human body and is easily manipulated by a magnetic field. However other nuclei can be imaged. Because the hydrogen proton has a positive charge and is constantly spinning at a fixed frequency, called the spin frequency, a small magnetic field with a north and south pole surrounds the proton. Remember that moving charged particles creates a surrounding magnetic field. Thus, these hydrogen protons act like magnets and align themselves within an external magnetic field or the needle of a compass. In the MR scanner, or magnet, short bursts of radio frequency waves are broadcast into the patient from radio transmitters. The broadcast radio wave frequency is the same as the spin frequency of the proton being imaged (hydrogen in this case). The hydrogen protons absorb the broadcast radio wave energy and become energized, or resonate. Hence, the term magnetic resonance. Once the radio-frequency wave broadcast is discontinued, the protons revert or decay back to their normal or steady state that existed prior to the radio wave broadcast. As the hydrogen protons decay back to their normal state or relax, they continue to resonate and broadcast radio waves that can be detected by a radio wave receiver set to the same frequency as the broadcast waves and the hydrogen proton spin frequency. The intensity of the radio wave signal detected by the receiver coil indicates the numbers and locations of the resonating hydrogen protons. Although human anatomy is always the same no matter what the imaging modality, the appearances of anatomic structures are very different on MR and CT images. Sometimes it is difficult for the beginner to differentiate between a CT and an MR image. The secret is to look to the fat. If the subcutaneous fat is black, it is a CT image as fat appears black on studies that use x-rays. If the subcutaneous fat is white (high-intensity signal), then it has to be an MR. next, look to the bones. Bones should have a gray medullary canal and a white cortex on radiographs and CT images. The medullary canal contains bone marrow, and the gray is due to the large amount of fat in bone marrow. On a MR image, nearly all of the bone appears homogenously white as the bone marrow is fat that emits a high-intensity signal and appears white. Also, on MR the cortex of the bone will appear black (dark or low intensity signal), whereas on CT images the cortex is white. Soft tissues and organs appear as shades of gray on CT and MR. Air appears black on CT and MR. air appears black on CT and has a low-intensity signal (black or dark) on MR (Moe). Intraoperative MRI At present, MRI is, by far, the most useful imaging modality for visualizing intracerebral tumors. It provides the most clear, detailed, and comprehensive diagnostic information regarding the tumor ad surrounding normal structures. The introduction of MRI and image-guided technology into the operating room thus allows the surgeon to use high-quality, current image data that reflect the surgical reality of brain tissue deformations and shifts that occur after the bone flap has been turned, the dura opened, and the resection begun. Today’s intraoperative MRI systems can be classified into two main groups: 1) the high field strength systems and 2) the low compact systems. Both types of systems have advantages and disadvantages. The high-field strength systems (0.5-1.5 T) are typically mounted on a stationary gantry and have gradient capabilities sufficient to produce full head images of quality comparable to that of diagnostic MRI. Magnetic resonance imaging can satisfy these requirements for therapy. It has excellent anatomic resolution for targeting, high sensitivity for localizing tumors, and temperature sensitivity for online treatment monitoring. Several MRI parameters are temperature sensitive; the one based on the proton resonance frequency allows relatively small temperature elevations to be detected prior to any irreversible tissue damage. Thus, the location of the focus can be detected at relatively low powers, and the accuracy of targeting can be verified. In addition, using calibrated temperature-sensitive MRI sequences, focal temperature elevations and effective thermal doses may be estimated. Such thermal quantification allows for online feedback to ensure that the treatment is safe, by assuring that the focal heating is confined to the target volume and below the level for boiling. Thermal assessment predicts effectiveness by assuring that the temperature history is sufficient to ensure thermal coagulation (Moore and Zouridakis). Conclusion Since the first availability of commercial instruments at the beginning of the 1980s, clinical MR has expanded rapidly in terms of both medical applications and the number of units installed. First considered to be expensive method to create images of inferior quality, it has since established itself as a clinical tool for diagnosis in previously inconceivable applications, and the potential of the method is still not exhausted. MRI has led to the first-scale industrial application of superconductivity and has brought about a grater public awareness of a physical effect previously known only to a handful of scientists. Up to now, the growth and spectrum of applications of MR have exceeded all predictions. The most recent development is that of rendering brain functions visible. Cardiac MR can display coronaries and analyze perfusion of the myocardium and hemodynamics of the heart. Thus, MRI is entering the domain of nuclear medicine. An interesting new application of MRI is its use as an imaging modality during minimal invasive procedures such as ablation, interstitial laser therapy, or high intensity focused ultrasound. With temperature-sensitive sequences, the development of temperature and tissue damage can be checked during heating and destroying of diseased tissue. The sensitivity of MRI to flow helps the physician to stay away from vessels during an intervention. MRI is also used for image-guided surgery, e.g., resection of tumors in the brain. Special open systems have been designed for such purposes, and dedicated non magnetic surgery tools have already been developed (Erkonen and Smith). Works Cited: Boller, Franà §ois, Jordan Grafman, and Ian H. Robertson. Handbook of Neuropsychology. Vol. 9. New York: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2003. Erkonen, William E., and Wilbur L. Smith. Radiology 101: The Basics and Fundamentals of Imaging. 2nd ed. New York: Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2004. Moe, Barbara A. The Revolution in Medical Imaging. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003. Moore, James E., and George Zouridakis. Biomedical Technology and Devices Handbook. New York: CRC Press, 2004. Oldendorf, William. Basics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Boston: Springer, 1988. Stergiopoulos, Stergios. Advanced Signal Processing Handbook: Theory and Implementation for Radar †¦ New York: CRC Press, 2001.       How to cite MRI Radiation – Dangers Benefits, Essay examples

Mickey and Eddie Essay Example For Students

Mickey and Eddie Essay I have chosen to add a scene illustrating when Mickey realises that Eddie has moved away and Mickey has lost his best friend. Then I will show Eddie missing Mickey. Mickey does not know where Eddie now lives. By looking at Willy Russells version of Blood Brothers, it is unclear whether Eddie told Mickey that he was leaving. At the end of II/viii Mrs Johnston says to Eddie Go and see our Mickey before I change my mind. It then cuts to Eddie in the countryside. Two years later when Mickey and Eddie meet up again there is no element of surprise. I find this strange. It maybe that Mickey knew that Eddie was moving, yet he did not wish to pursue him. However, I do not believe that Willy Russell would have written his production like this. My additional scene shows how I think Russell would have written  Extra Scene A  SAMMY enters dragging MICKEY on, in a headlock.  Mickey: Sammy Sammy ger off Ill tell mum  Sammy: Give it me me toy car  SAMMY stops- still holding MICKEY, looks at Eddie  Sammy: Whos this? Eddie: Edward Lyons, pleased to meet you (Eddie puts out his hand to shake)  Sammy: Fuck off poshy before I bea you up  Mickey: Eddie run, save yourself  Eddie: But there is something I need to tell you  Mickey: Go, go run  EDDIE runs off stage in a silly manor, closely followed by SAMMY. MICKEY is left on stage alone looking upset. Narrator comes in bottom left.  Extra Scene B  Narrator: The police have been,  What you gonna do,  Will they through the book at you?  The devils got your number,  Yknow hes gonna find y,  Hes standing right behind y  Hes creeping down yhall. Jennifers getting worried,  Is she going to run?  Its all part of the devils fun.  Mickey has lost his best friend,  At the tender age of eight  Y never know whos behind the gate!  Born on December twelfth  One into poverty the other into wealth,  Inside they are the same,  But will they ever meet again?  That is my question,  Will they ever meet again?  MICKEY rings the doorbell on EDDIES old house. A WOMAN answers the door.  Woman: Can I help you young man  Mickey: Ye, is um Eddie in?  Woman: Eddie? I am afraid I do not know any body by that name. Mickey: Oh! (In a posh voice) is Edward at home  Woman: No. Goodbye  Mickey: Has Eddie moved away?  Woman: Well he must have.   Mickey: Dy know where he lives now?Woman: Pardon  Mickey: See Ive been saving up some money (he looks in his pocket and holds some coins out, he looks very happy) I could go and see him on the bus, where does he live?  Woman: I have told you, I do not know where he lives.  Mickey: Dont be tight!  Woman: Sorry goodbye. (She begins to close the door)  Mickey: Cmon, were blood brothers  Woman: The family that previously lived here has moved to the countryside. That is all I know. Good day. (She slams the door) A fresnel spotlight pans on Mickey as all other lights fade. Mickey moves centre stage and begins to sing.  Two chairs are placed back to back centre, top stage.  Mickey (Singing): No kids out on the street today,  You could be living on the moon.  Gonna be a long long long Sunday afternoon.  Just killing time and kicking cans around,  Trying to remember jokes I knew.  I tell them to myself,  But there not funny, cus I found,  Its gonna be a long long long Sunday afternoon.  On the other side of the stage a spotlight, lights EDDIE, bored and alone. He appears so we do not know whether he is real or in MICKEYS mind. BOTH sit back to back on chairs  My blood brother had sweets to share,  Knew every word in the dictionary,  He was clean and tidy from Monday to Friday  I wish I could be like,  Be cleaver and smart like,  BOTH standing up looking at the audience, unaware of each other  Mickey:  (Together) My blood brother  Eddie:  FLASH BACK. (Dreamy music link)  (Dreamy music link)  Mickey: You know, the F word. (Whispers it in Eddies ear)  Eddie: Fantastic. When I get home, I shall look it up the dictionary.  Mickey: In the what?  Eddie: It the dictionary. Dont you know what a dictionary is?  Mickey: Course I do. Its a thingy isnt it?  Eddie: A book which tells you the meanings of words.  Mickey: Yeh. I know.  Eddie: Will you be my best friend?  Mickey: Yeh. Yeh if you want to.

Night Owls vs. Morning Larks Essay Essay Example

Night Owls vs. Morning Larks Essay Paper â€Å"Who gets up early? Farmers. bakers. physicians. Who stays up tardily? Muggers. street girls. cat burglars. † ( 63 ) . Anne Fadiman describes a human’s position on being a forenoon individual. or as she refers to it â€Å"a forenoon lark† . verses a dark individual or â€Å"a dark owl† . So how would you sort yourself ; a forenoon lark. a dark bird of Minerva or are you a small of both? When reading the article. â€Å"Night Owl† by Anne Fadiman. I found that she provides her ain positions utilizing scientific research about dark people and forenoon people. the effects of being a dark individual has on her. and describes a contrast between a forenoon individual and a dark individual through the usage of literary devices. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Owls vs. Morning Larks Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Night Owls vs. Morning Larks Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Night Owls vs. Morning Larks Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Our society stereotypes dark owls as people that are out to harm others. to be arch. and/or people who are lazy because they sleep the twenty-four hours off. Although being a forenoon lark has its benefits. being a dark bird of Minerva has its benefits every bit good. Fadiman’s observations on dark bird of Minervas are positive. particularly since she is awake when the bulk of the universe around her is fast asleep. The â€Å"night owl† regimen seems to complement Fadiman because it serves as a clip for her creativeness to flux and it seems to flux for many others every bit good. She claims â€Å"I am non to the full alive until the sundowns. † Her kiping during the daylight does non reflect on her ability to carry through her day-to-day undertakings expeditiously. I believe that when you begin your twenty-four hours when the people around you are fast asleep you see the universe in another visible radiation. Fadiman goes on to depict the alterations to switch work by stating. â€Å"it is easier to portion a given district when no everyone is out and approximately at one time. † ( 63 ) . which I can understand. Not everyone can efficaciously be working on the same agenda at the same time. since the terminal consequence would most probably be an escalated unemployment rate for that peculiar country. On the other manus being a forenoon individual you are able to harvest the benefits of waking up with the bulk of the population. Anne’s hubby. George. is â€Å"a house truster in prehending the twenty-four hours while it is still fresh† ( 63 ) . I believe this to be true every bit good. you can carry through so much more during the daylight. Daylight provides many wellness benefits for worlds such as Vitamin D. which is absorbed from the Sun and keeps us healthy. It besides gives us a clean slate every forenoon when we wake. Some struggles can and make originate when you are in a relationship affecting people with opposite sleep rhythms. Fadiman explains â€Å"when we turn off the visible radiation at 11:30-too late for him. excessively early for me-George falls immediately asleep. while I. mocked by the bird that sleeps above my caput. arrange and rearrange the pillows. seeking for the elusive cool sides. † ( 62 ) . Issues that are introduced for those people in relationships with different slumber and work forms can include attending at recreational and/or societal activities and general slumber wonts. Throughout Anne Fadiman’s piece. she makes good usage of literary devices. such as imagination and symbolism. to put the tone for her audience. She writes the piece as informational but still manages to mai ntain it friendly. Immediately in the first paragraph she writes about holding birds carved in on each side of the caput stations of her and her husband’s bed. â€Å"On George’s side there is a meadowlark. brown of back. yellow of chest. with a black thoracic V as trig and sporty as the cervix of a tennis sweater† ( 62 ) Fadiman describes the alone characteristics of the lark that sits above her hubbies resting caput. She paints a bright graphic image of the lark for her readers in which she refers to the lark throughout her piece. Further in the authorship she besides describes a journey she had taken with a friend in New Zealand. Fadiman writes a description of her position from inside her collapsible shelter. â€Å"†¦inside which a radiance candle lantern makes your boggy boots and moist wool socks look as if they were painted by Georges de La Tour. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( 64 ) . The symbolism used in Night Owl is the construct of bird of Minerva and larks being used to depict a dark individual and a forenoon individual and is used throughout the full article. â€Å"Night Owl† was a well-written piece and introduced a subject that is non frequently discussed but affects about everyone. She captured readers. including myself. with her usage of colourful vivacious imagination and logical information that can be applied to her audience’s existent life state of affairss. We are society that positions dark as a menace and daytime as the premier clip to carry through undertakings. With articles such as â€Å"Night Owl† people may recognize the chances that await the dark. The alteration to switch work in my sentiment will merely go on to increase and better the preconceived impressions of dark bird of Minerva.

Henry Ford - Biography

Henry Ford - Biography Who Was Henry Ford? assembly line Dates: July 30, 1863 April 7, 1947 Henry Fords Childhood Ford, the Tinkerer Steam Engines It was during this time that Henry met Clara Bryant. When they married in 1888, Henrys father gave him a large piece of land on which Henry built a small house, a sawmill, and a shop to tinker in. Fords Quadricycle Founding the Ford Motor Company Believing that publicity would encourage people to by cars, Henry started building and driving his own racecars. It was at racetracks that Henry Fords name first became well known. However, the average person didnt need a racecar, they wanted something reliable. While Ford worked on designing a reliable car, investors organized a factory. It was this third attempt at a company to make automobiles, the Ford Motor Company, that succeeded. On July 15, 1903, the Ford Motor Company sold its first car, a Model A, to Dr. E. Pfennig, a dentist, for $850. Ford continually worked to improve the cars design and soon created Models B, C, and F. The Model T Since the Model T quickly became so popular that it was selling faster than Ford could manufacture them, Ford began looking for ways to speed up the manufacturing. In 1913, Ford added a motorized assembly line in the plant. The motorized conveyor belts moved the car to the workers, who would now each add one part to the car as the car passed them. The motorized assembly line significantly cut the time, and thus cost, of manufacturing each car. Ford passed on this savings to the customer. Although the first Model T was sold for $850, the price eventually dropped to under $300. Ford produced the Model T from 1908 until 1927, building 15 million cars. Ford Advocates for His Workers Henry Ford Ford also created a sociological department in the factory that would examine workers lives and try to make it better. Since he believed he knew what was best for his workers, Henry was very much against unions. Anti-Semitism Dearborn Independent The Death of Henry Ford For decades, Henry Ford and his only child, Edsel, worked together at the Ford Motor Company. However, friction between them steadily grew, based nearly entirely on differences of opinion over how the Ford Motor Company should be run. In the end, Edsel died from stomach cancer in 1943, at age 49. In 1938 and again in 1941, Henry Ford suffered strokes. On April 7, 1947, four years after Edsels death, Henry Ford passed away at age 83.

The various types of pollution, their causes, effects and solutions Essay

The various types of pollution, their causes, effects and solutions - Essay Example The paper tells that the modern world has witnessed an increasing rate of pollution touching all aspects of the environment; for instance, there is air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, and land pollution. Pollution can be defined as the introduction of a contaminant into the environment, caused by human activities; however, pollution can yield disastrous results on vegetation, human beings, and animals (Degobert 21). All kinds of pollution have serious repercussions to the universe, health, and economy. According to the guardian, Kyoto Protocol plays a huge role in reducing pollutions by countries; here, the member countries agree to reduce gas emissions with an aim of protecting the environment. The guardian also adds that the United States has reduced its emission for the past 2 years, while India is ranked the third as the biggest emitter of carbon dioxide, and China continues to emit more carbon dioxide. In the United States, 3million tones of harmful chemicals are re leased in the air, land, and water; such waste leads to the loss of 15million acres of land annually. Health-wise, pollution interferes with the human respiratory system, causing complications. The lakes and rivers become too polluted and as a result, not benefiting human beings at all. However, industries are not solely responsible for pollution, instead, agricultural activities and other human activities such as driving contribute to pollution as well. This paper will discuss the various types of pollution, their causes, effects and solutions. Forms of Pollution The common types of pollution are air pollution, water pollution, land pollution and noise pollution. Air Pollution Causes Air pollution is mainly caused by carbon emissions from industrial activities, cars’ fumes, electric generation, domestic heating, and construction among others (Stankovic, Campbell, & Harries 19). Carbon dioxide emissions contribute to global warming, as it is one of the largest among the green house gasses. The process of